What a wonderful idea!
Rene's Garden seeds have some compact "Container" seeds for growing veggies in pots -Perfect for apartment dwellers. http://www.reneesgarden.com/hm-gardnr/resource/containerorder.htm
You can also grow a root crop in the same container as an "above -the-ground" plant. Potatoes would be a nice thing to try with beans for instance which might need a pole for a trellis.
Watch this: http://video.about.com/containergardening/Grow-Potatoes-in-Containers.htm
Also, if smaller varieties are grown, try The three sisters, like Native Americans did .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Sisters_(agriculture)
Here are some images to get your creative juices flowing:
https://www.google.com/searchq=container+gardening&hl=en&site=webhp&prmd=imvnslb&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=pSIfT4LVJ9Sz0QGkufwF&ved=0CIkBELAE&biw=1174&bih=712#hl=en&site=webhp&tbm=isch&q=container+vegetable+gardening&revid=310220674&sa=X&ei=biMfT8qZLsrc0QHj4c0F&ved=0CD8Q1QIoAA&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_cp.,cf.osb&fp=f2f6763f41fc2602&biw=1174&bih=712
Herbs in containers:
https://www.google.com/search?q=container+gardening&hl=en&site=webhp&prmd=imvnslb&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=pSIfT4LVJ9Sz0QGkufwF&ved=0CIkBELAE&biw=1174&bih=712#hl=en&site=webhp&tbm=isch&q=container+gardening+herbs&revid=81403304&sa=X&ei=hyMfT6-UNIjW0QG-wp0G&ved=0CEEQ1QIoAg&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_cp.,cf.osb&fp=f2f6763f41fc2602&biw=1174&bih=712
Life on the Balcony:
http://lifeonthebalcony.com/community-container-garden-ready-set-start-those-seeds/
Pots for container gardens
http://lifeonthebalcony.com/lets-start-talking-pots-for-the-community-container-garden/
http://containergardening.about.com/